Friday, October 27, 2023

Khans of Mansehra City

Khans / Nawabs of Mansehra city :

1- Khan Sardar Khan Jahangiri Swati (Khan-E-Awal right after Conquest of Pakhal in 1703)

2- Khan Saddam Khan Jahangiri bin Sardar Khan (died: 1795)

3- Khan Zaman Khan Jahangiri bin Saddam Khan (died: 1881)

4- Khan Juma Khan Jahangiri bin Zaman Khan (the British terminated his Khanate)

5 - Khan Muhammad Hussain Khan Khankhel (British Appointed)

6- Khan Sahib Ali Gauhar Khan Jahangiri Bin Juma Khan (Khanate revived)

7- Khan Tariq Khan Jahangiri bin Ali Gohar Khan (Khan since 1960 till present) .

Khan Tariq Khan has been MPA of Mansehra from 1990-2002 and minister of KPK.

Khan Ali Gohar Khan was the agriculture minister of Kashmir before partition, deputy commissioner and acting governor of Srinagar and MLA of West Pakistan Legislative Assembly later after partition. He was awarded the title of Khan Bahadur by British Viceroy and title of Raja by Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir.

MPA of Mansehra Babar Saleem Swati also belongs to the same family. He is the great grandson of 4th Khan Of Mansehra, Jummah Khan.

Khurram Khan, a well known Politician of Mansehra also belongs to same family and is the great great grandson of 3rd "Khan Of Mansehra", Zaman Khan.

Zaman Khan Jehangiri is well known for his resistance against Maharaja Ranjeet Singh armies in Hazara.

References: Hazara Gazetteer 1883, Hazara Gazetteer 1907, Tehkeeq Ul Afghan, Tareekh E Hazara by Sher Bahadur Panni

Thursday, July 27, 2023

Chief of Swatis and Pakhli

Chief Of Swatis and Pakhli

The Chief of Swati or Khan of "Village name" is a title held by many local Swati rulers in Pakhli,^[1] covering District Mansehra and District Battagram in Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa Pakistan..^[2]

Pakhli was conquered in 1703 by Swatis, bringing Sultanate of Hazara to an end. After the division of Pakhli among Swati families, a Khanate was established. Under Durrani rule, Saadaat Khan Swati was chosen as Chief of Pakhli Khanate^[3]. After him the fedual lords of different areas of Pakhli announced their own separate Khanate. Most of the villages in Pakhli tract have Chief or Khan who is considered as the head of whole area. Inherited upon the death of the previous Khan, it follows a hereditary system. These Khans play a vital role in governing the villages, and their historical significance is well-documented in the both Gazetteers of Hazara District 1883 and 1907. In the past, some Khans were appointed by the Viceroy of India, reflecting their importance in the colonial administrative structure.

Khans of Agror Valley(Lower Pakhli):

Agror is well Known for their chieftain history. Wajhi Uz Zaman Khan is the current Khan of Agror or Chief of Swatis of Agror. These Chiefs belongs to Begal subsection of Mitravi Swatis. Pashto is the mother tongue of rulers and people.

Painda Khan, a renowned chief of the Tanoli tribe took over the valley in 1834, but in 1841 it was restored by the Sikhs to Ata Muhammad Khan Swati, a descendant of the first Chief of Agror; Akhund Sad-ud-din Khan. At annexation in 1849 Ata Muhammad Khan was recognized as Chief of Agror; but the arrangement did not work satisfactorily as Ata Muhammad khan conflicted with the British demands British. An expedition had to be sent in 1852 to avenge the murder of two officers of the Salt department; and in consequence of the unsatisfactory attitude of the chief and of repeated complaints by the cultivators, it was resolved in 1868 to place a police station in Agror and to bring the valley more directly under the administration of Government. This incensed the Khan of Agror, at whose instigation the newly built police station was burnt by a raid of The Black Mountain (Tor Ghar) Tribes, Akazais, trans-border Swatis such as the Tikariwals and Nandihar, Pariari Sayyids, Deshiwals, Hassanzais, Chagharzais etc.

An expedition was dispatched, and Ata Muhammad Khan was deported to Lahore for a time, but in 1870 reinstated in his chieftainship after making slavish representations to the British government. His son and successor, Ali Gauhar, was removed from the valley in 1888 in consequence of his instigating and abetting raids into British territory, and in 1888 as per the orders of government, the Agror jagir was suspended pending a final decision. In order to maintain the peace of the border, expeditions were dispatched against the Black Mountain tribes in 1888, 1891, and 1892. The Agror Valley Regulation (1891) later formally declared the rights of the Khan of Agror to be forfeit to Government.

Page no 173 of Hazara Gazetteer-1907 states the following :

In the summer of 1870 the Khan of Agror, whom the inquiries of the Settlement officer, Captain Wace, proved, as mentioned on page no 172 of Hazara Gazetteer-1907, to have been unjustly deprived of ancient rights in the valley, was pardoned and allowed to return to his home from his exile in Lahore.

Khans of Busting: (Upper Pakhli)

Khan Hassan Ali Khan was the first Khan of Butsing. Butsing is a village located in the outskirts of Garhi Habibullah. Hassan Ali Khan was the son the Mehar Ali Khan Shaheed who came from Dhodial with his army and fought in the war against Sikhs under the leadership of Syed Ahmed Shaheed. Mehar Ali Khan Shaheed got martyred at MattiKot near Balakot. When the Hazara District was being divided in 1872, Hassan Ali Khan—the son of Mehar Ali Khan Shaheed got Jageer in Garhi and its surrounding areas on the account of services in war against Khalsa Empire. Mehar Ali Khan had two sons; Ashraf Khan and Hassan Ali Khan. The hereditary lands of Dhodial came in the part of Ashraf Khan while the Jageer of Garhi side came in the part of Hassan Ali Khan. Hassan Ali Khan with his 4 counterparts re-founded the Garhi Habibullah again after the war. He choose Butsing village as his permanent living place and established the Khanate. However, this family didn't maintain heredity Khan after 1983. This family has a proper "Mohar" which is given only to selected Khan of Butsing. Hassan Ali Khan Colony and Bela Hassan Ali Khan in Garhi Habibullah are named after first Khan of Butsing. Hundi Hassan Ali Khan is the third largest Jageer of Garhi Habibullah. This family belongs to Arghushal subsection of Gabri Swatis. This family traces their family tree to Sultan Arghush Khan—The King of Kandahar, Balochistan and Sultanate of Swat or Pakhal Sarkar.

Khans of Butsing are Following:

1- Khan Hassan Ali Khan(1872-1890)

2- Khan Said Wali Khan(1890-1910)

3- Khan Ali Khan(1910-1940)

4- Khan Noor Ur Rehman Khan(1940-1965)

5- Khan Khudadad Khan(1965-1984)

Ex-Khan of Butsing; Khan Khudadad Khan. Born :1910. Died : 9 April,1984. Khan Khudadad Khan was the grand-son of Khan Said Wali Khan.

6- Khan Roshan Khan (1984-2014)

Ex-Khan of Butsing; Khan Muhammad Roshan Khan. He had also been Head of Garhi Bazar through out the life.

7- Khan Danish Khan(2014-2023)

Ex-Khan of Butsing; Khan Danish Khan(Late). He was grandson of Khan Noor Ur Rehman Khan.He had been General Councilor of Garhi Habibullah.

8- Khan Haji Ijaz Khan (2023-Present)

Current Khan of Busting; Haji Ijaz Khan. He is eldest son of the Ex-Khan, Khudadad Khan. He is also head of Zakat Committee Garhi Habibullah.

Khans of Bogarmang Valley(Upper Pakhli) :

Muhammad Riaz Khan is the current Khan of Bhogarmang Valley. He is the son of last Khan, "Khan Khudadad Khan". Muhammad Riaz Khan well-known politician and hold record for being 4 times delegate to United Nations from Pakistan. He had been member of Majlis E Shura and special advisor to Prime Minister of Pakistan.

Current Khan of Bhogarmang; Khan Riaz Khan

The previous Khan, Khan Khudadad Khan had been Minister of Health West Pakistan[13] and well known leader in the Pakistan Independence Movement. Khudadad Colony Karachi, infront of Mazar-e-Quaid is named after him.

Pre-Partition image of Khan of Bhogarmang; Khan Khudadad Khan and Fatima Jinnah(Mother of the Nation)

These Khans belongs to Jahangiri subsection of Gabri Swatis. Khan Bahadur Muhammad Muzzafar Khan had been the Khan of Bhogarmang before Khan Khudadad Khan. He was given the title of Khan Bahadur by British Empire for his services in bringing the Khan of Allai and British Empire to negotiate with each other.[1]

Khans Of Garhi Habibullah (Upper Pakhli) :

Ex-Khan of Garhi Babar Khan. He had also been Food Minister of NWFP

9-Habibullah Khan-The Second(2012-Present)

Habibullah Khan II- The Current Khan of Garhi

Khans Of Gidarpur: (Lower Pakhli)

The grandson of Haji Muhamad Akbar Khan, Muhammad Afzal Khan is the current Khan of Gidarpur. These chiefs belongs to the Alisheri subsection of the Mitravi Swatis. Haji Muhammad Akbar Khan was the most powerful Chief in the history of Gidarpur Mansehra (Lower Pakhli).

Khan of Gidarpur; Haji Muhammad Akbar Khan Swati with his army. Circa:1900s

Tuesday, July 25, 2023

History of Garhi Habibullah

Nemkai 1713 (The First Division)

Pakhli Consists of all areas of District Mansehra and District Battagram excluding Tanawal area.

After the Conquest of Pakhli in 1703 by Swati families, the Pakhli was divided into 2 parts; Upper Pakhli and Lower Pakhli. Upper Pakhli was further divided into 8 Swati families in 9 parts(Nemakis)

2 to Sarkheli Swatis.

1 to Khankhail Swatis(Adopted)

1 to Jahangiri Swatis

1 to Arghsuhal Malkal Swatis

1 to Panjmeral Swatis

1 to Panjhol Swatis

1 to Dodal Swatis

1 to Aznali Mandravi Swatis

Similarly, Lower Pakhli was divided into 12 parts.

6 to Mitravi Swatis

6 to Mumaili Swatis

The part of Garhi Habibullah came in the nemkai of Khankhail family.

Foundation of Garhi Habibullah:

Garhi Habibullah was founded in 1768 when Saadaat Khan Swati became Chief of Pakhli. It was later changed into Garhi Habibullah from Garhi Saadat Khan on the name of his successor Habibullah Khan Swati.

Sikh Occupation:

In 1830, Maharaja Ranjeet Singh headed towards Pakhli. He put 300 men in Chief of Swati house in Garhi Habibullah and took the hold of whole Pakhli. At the time Syed Ahmed Shaheed and Shah Ismahil Shaheed came with their armies. Swatis also joined the army of Syed Ahmed Shaheed. Swatis from other areas of Pakhli came with their armies to join the hands of Syed Ahmed Shaheed. During these wars, Sikhs were ruling Pakhli and they changed the name of villages. They founded Mansehra on the name of their governor Man Singh, Haripur on the name of Hari Sigh. Similarly Balakot on the name of Bala Singh, Butsing on the name of But Singh.

In 1840s Sikhs lost war due to increasing opposition from tribals and Mujahideens.

Re-foundation of Garhi Habibullah in 1872:

After the elimination of Sikhs from Pakhli, Garhi Habibullah was again divided into 5 Swatis on the account of their services in previous war.

According to 1872 division of Hazara District, Garhi Habibullah was divided among 5 families into 5 Hundis/Jageers.These 5 families own nearly all villages of Garhi Habibullah and its side areas. Apart from this, these families also have combined land(شاملات) of Batrasi Forest, Babar Colony and Garhi Bazar, Dra Syedan and Ponrh which is still undivided. The Batrasi Forest was taken by British Empire in 1911 for 100 years from these 5 families. As the pact is completed, it will be soon return back after some legal process.

Five Khans of Garhi are Following:

1)Hundi Sumandar Khan Khankhail Swati

2)Hundi Behram Khan Sarkheli Swati

3)Hundi Hassan Ali Khan Arghushal Swati

4)Hundi Habib Khan Jahangiri Swati

5)Hundi Ameen Khan Jahangiri Swati.

The Jabbi town is founded by Habib Khan, Seri and Sughdar by the descendants of Ameen Khan, Butsing by Hassan Ali Khan, Naral by Behram Khan while Babar Colony by Samundar Khan. The Khankhails are adopted Swatis while the rest 4 are Swatis by blood.

Saturday, June 17, 2023

History of Swatis and Pakhli

History of Swatis and Pakhli:

Swatis are ethnically and culturally Pashtuns inhabiting the Hazara Division of Pakistan.

A Jirga of the Swati family in Balakot (District Mansehra). It is worth mentioning that all areas of Pakhli have Khans (local chiefs of those areas). The Khans of Balakot belong to the Sarkheli subsection of Gabri Swatis.

DNA Report :

Recent research on the DNA of the Swati tribe, which lives in large numbers in Hazara Division (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan), has shown that Swatis are ethnically Tajik Persians. DNA reports can be found on Google.

Primary Sub-sections :

Swatis are divided into 4 main sub-sections i.e Gabris, Mitravis, Mumailis and Toar.

Language:

The original language of the Swatis was Pashto. Today, Swatis speak different languages depending on the area. The majority of them speak Hindko, Pashto, and Urdu.

Population :

There are around 200,000 to 300,000 Swatis in Hazara Division. The majority of Swatis are Gabris.

Pakhli - The Country of Swatis :

Pakhli is named after Sultan Pakhal Swati-The First Sultan of Gabari Kingdom of Swat.

According to the Hazara Gazetteer, Pakhli is the country of Swatis, comprising all areas of District Mansehra and District Battagram excluding Feudal Tanawal.

Pakhli Plains(Mansehra, Khyber PakhtoonKhwa), 1857 , painting by Henry Brabazon Urmston

Only in the Naran Kaghan Valley, out of the 21 villages, 14 villages are owned by Swatis while the rest 7 villages belongs to Syeds who are descendants of Syed Jalal Baba as mentioned in Hazara Gazetteer.

Syed Jalal Baba came with Swatis and kept 7 villages for himself. Today due to lack of knowledge people consider only Pakhli Plains as entire Pakhli. Pakhli plains consists of areas like Shinkyari, Bhogarmang, Dhodial, Bherkund, Agror, Konsh, Battal etc.

The beautiful valleys of Pakistan, such as Naran Kaghan Valley, Manoor Valley, Siran Valley, Kunhar Valley, Konsh Valley, Bhogarmang Valley, Agror Valley and Balakot, are also part of Pakhli.

Here is a page from the Hazara Gazetteer 1883 showing the areas of Pakhli.

Upper Pakhli belongs to the Gabri Swatis, and Lower Pakhli belongs to the Mitravi-Mamiali Swatis. In Hindko, the word "Utli" is used for Upper and "Tarli" for Lower.

Upper Pakhli:

Gabri Swatis hold 95% of the area in Upper Pakhli, which covers more than a million kanals of land. Upper Pakhli is divided among eight families of Gabris into nine parts. Two parts were given to the Sarkheli family, one to the Khankhail family, one to the Arghushal Malkal family, one to the Dodal family, one to the Panjhol family, one to the Aznali Mandravi family, one to the Panjmeral family, and one part to the Jahangiri family. These eight Gabri families are further divided into small khels. Each family consists of 4–7 khels, and each khel has a small population of 400–500 people. Each family owns around 10 lakh kanals of land. Aznali Mandravi owns the most land, with 12 lakh kanals in Konsh Valley and its surrounding areas. The city of Mansehra falls within the jurisdiction of the Jahangiri family.

Lower Pakhli:

Lower Pakhli was divided among the Mitravi Swatis and Mamiali Swatis in 12 parts, with six parts for each of them.

Page 74 of Hazara Gazetteer 1883 showing the areas of Mitravis and Mamialis.

Historical Background:

It is important not to confuse Swat with Swatis, as these are different terms. Swatis have not been living in Swat for the past four centuries. Swati is a separate tribe.

Some Swatis consider themselves to be Pashtuns, but that is not accurate. Swatis adopted Pashto and Pashtun culture around the 1600s after the arrival of the Yousafzai tribe. This occurred after the fall of the Gabri Kingdom of Swat when Sultan Awais Swati lost a war to Malak Ahmed Khan, a Yousafzai Chief. Sultan Awais was married to Shahida Bibi, the sister of Malak Ahmed. The Swatis are descendants of Tajik Sultans from Pech, Badakhshan, and Balkh. They migrated to what is now Pakistan (at that time India) to expand their kingdom's boundaries.

Pakhli Sarkar ( Gabri Empire) :

This is the Pakhli Sarkar of Swat also known as Gabari Empire.

Sultan Pakhal Swati and Sultan Behram Swati were two brothers who separated from the parent dynasty and established their own in Swat with capital as Manglowar.

The green area on the map represents the parent kingdom of the Swatis, whose rulers were descendants of Rutbil 9. The blue area represents the Gabri Empire (also known as Pakhli Sarkar ), founded by Sultan Pakhal Swati and Sultan Behram Swati. The orange area represents the Kingdom of Kashmir, founded by a Gabri Swati named Shah Mir, who migrated from Swat to Kashmir. The Kingdom of Kashmir is known as the Shahmiri Dynasty, and this information is available on Wikipedia.

The four clans of Swatis can be found in Zoroastrianism. Gabari is also used for fire worshipers in this religion while Mitra is the another god in the same religion.

The Swatis used to speak the Gabri dialect of Dari Persian when they were in Swat (as referenced in Babur Nama). Most of them now speak Pashto and Hindko and reside in the Hazara Division of Pakistan, not Swat. The Swatis renamed Udyana to Swat. The first Sultan of the Gabri Kingdom was Sultan Pakhal Swati, who is mentioned in various historical books such as the Imperial Gazetteer of India, Malika E Sawat, a book written in Persian by Akhund Darweza, Hazara Gazetteer, and Tareekh E Sarhad. Sultan Pakhal was the son of Sultan Kehjaman of Balkh and Badakhshan.

The Swatis ruled the Gabri Kingdom for centuries, with the last ruler being Sultan Awais Swati, who was married to Shahida Bibi, the sister of Yousafzai Chief Malak Ahmed Khan. In the book "The Pathans" by Olaf Caroe, it is written that their marriage was a political move to allow Malak Ahmed an easier capture of Swat. In 1519 AD, Malak Ahmed with the support of Mughals overthrew the Gabri Kingdom, and the Swatis were driven out to areas like Dir.

Sultans of Pakhli Sarkar of Swat :

Here are some well known Sultans of Pakhli Sarkar of Swat.

Sultan Pakhal Gabari

Sultan Behram Gabari

Sultan Deshara Gabari

Sultan Jahangir Gabari

Sultan Arghush Gabari

Sultan Awais Gabari

Sultan Mir Haider Gabari - (Bajaur Side)

Sultan Tomna Kehyan

Conquest of Pakhli-1703 :

In 1703, under the leadership of Akhun Salak , the Swatis after a Jirga migrated to the Hazara Division, which was then ruled by Karlukh Turk Sultan. The Swatis overthrew the rule of the Karlukhs and established a Khanate, renaming the area Pakhli after the name of their ancestor Sultan Pakhal. A chief was selected for Pakhli by the Swatis, and he was known as the Chief of Pakhli or the Chief of Swati.

The areas of Pakhli include the entire Battagram District and the entire Mansehra District (excluding the Tanawal area). The most beautiful valleys of Pakistan, such as Naran Kaghan Valley, Manoor Valley, Siran Valley, Kunhar Valley, and Balakot, are also part of Pakhli. In 1703, the Swatis performed a 'Vesh' and divided the entire Pakhli into its clans. Upper Pakhli was given to Gabri Swatis in 9 parts, while lower Pakhli was given to Mitravi and Mamiali Swatis in 12 parts. This division is well explained above as well in the Hazara Gazetteer of 1883, written by the British Empire of India. In the same Gazetteer, Swatis are mentioned as Tajiks. Even today, Swatis own 70% of the land in both Battagram and Mansehra Districts. There is a proverb in Hindko language, "Jamda Swati Karor Pati Honda Ay," which means "A Swati is born a billionaire" because of their vast lands. However, this was true for the last generation, during 1950s-1980s.

Political Status in Hazara :

Major politicians of District Mansehra and District Battagram also belong to the Swati family. Most of the MNAs and MPAs of these areas, since the pre-partition time of India, are Swatis. There were many Swati MLAs from the Indian National Congress before partition, and Swatis remain politically strong in these districts to this day.

Swatis also played an important role in Pakistan Movement.

Nationalism and Status:

Swatis are usually big landlords even today, except for those who have sold their lands or those who received land through a division due to having many brothers or uncles.

Nationalism can be found among the Swatis, and they somehow feel themselves to be superior. Nowadays, Swatis are known for their lazy nature. In the Hazara Gazetteer of 1883, the British wrote that Swatis are the most beautiful and intelligent tribe of the Hazara Division.

Swatiwali :

Swatis have their own rules, which are still preserved in the Wajab Ul Arz of Pakhli, and Swatis call these rules Swatiwali.

Tenets: (Urdu : Mazera )

Swatis have tenants who take care of their lands and farms. These tenants include Julayas, Tarkans, Nai, Dhobi, Kumar, Moochi, and Gujjars (for their folks) etc. All these things are mentioned in the Hazara Gazetteer.

Contributions in Kashmir:

Swatis have made significant contributions to the conquest of Muzzafarabad, the capital of Azad Kashmir. They have also contributed to the infrastructure and heritage of Jammu and Kashmir. The grand Jama Masjid in Srinagar, the capital of Indian Kashmir, was also built by a Swati Sultan of the Shahmiri Dynasty.

Chiefs:

Below are the medals presented to Swati Chiefs by British Kings.Swatis fought against the Sikh Khalsa Empire bravely and saved their lands, along with Syed Ahmed Shaheed. During the British era, many parts of Pakhli were colonized, and the chiefs had to obey the British King, just like the other 560 Nawabs/Rajas of Princely states in India. However, a portion of Pakhli became Yaghistan (an independent area) as some Swatis rebelled against the Britishers. However, the British never conquered the Yaghistan area of Swatis.

A page from the Hazara Gazetteer about the Swati chiefs and Khans in the 1880s:

Notable Swatis :

A portrait of Reham Khan Swati, from Baffa Mansehra, Pakistan. Reham Khan is a well-known BBC journalist and the former wife of Imran Khan, the ex-Prime Minister of Pakistan. She belongs to the Lughmani subsection of the Sarkheli confederation of Gabri Swatis.

Here is a picture of Senator Azam Swati, the Senior Vice President of Pakistan Tehreek Insaf (the most popular political party in Pakistan). Azam Swati belongs to the Alisheri subsection of Mitravi Swatis. He was born in Mansehra (Lower Pakhli) and has served as the Minister of Narcotics Control, Minister of Railways, and Minister of Science and Technology in Pakistan. Azam Swati is considered one of the richest people in Pakistan.

Below is a picture of Khan Muhammad Abbas Khan Swati, who was an MLA of Mansehra from the Indian National Congress before Partition. He belongs to Khankhail Subsection of Gabari Swatis.

Here is the picture of the current MPA of Mansehra, Babur Saleem Swati, also known as Sher E Mansehra (Lion of Mansehra). He belongs to the Jahangiri subsection of Gabri Swatis and is a direct descendant of Sultan Jahangir of the Gabri Kingdom.

Below is the picture of "Mister Pakistan," Mudasir Khalid Swati, who hails from Garhi Habibullah, District Mansehra. He belongs to the Arghush-Al subsection of Gabri Swatis. He is a direct descendant of the Sultan Arghush of the Gabri Kingdom. Mudasir Khalid Swati has won various gold medals in the South Asian Games and has been Mr. Pakistan.

Below is the picture of Air Vice Marshall Shahid Mansoor Swati of Mansehra, who belongs to the Jahangiri subsection of Gabri Swatis and is a direct descendant of Sultan Jahangir (father of Sultan Awais Swati, the last Sultan). "Jahangiri" is written on his nameplate.

General Rabani Swati, the founder of the Swati Unit in the Pakistan army, hails from the Mansehra Swati Family. He was the "Khan of Battal."

Below is the picture of the current MNA of Mansehra, Saleh Muhammad Khan Swati, who belongs to Baffa Pakhli to the Sarkheli subsection of Gabri Swatis.

Below is the picture of Prince Nawaz Khan, the MNA of District Battagram.

Below is the picture of Umer Nawaz Khan Swati, the son of ex-Federal Minister Nawaz Khan. He is also known as the "Khan of Sachan" and belongs to the Jahangiri subsection of Gabri Swatis.

Below is the picture of Hanif Gohar Swati, the CEO of Gohar Group of Companies. He is well-known for his welfare work and has built a 5-story hospital in Dhodial Mansehra for the welfare of the people. He belongs to the Arghush-Al subsection of Gabri Swatis and is also the Chief of the 18 Tribes of Hazara.